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Wednesday, July 16th 2008

3:17 PM

"The Night Watch", Oh, pardon me,... didn't you MFA expert's mean to say, "The Day Watch"?

Rembrandt's "The  Night Watch", Oh, pardon me,... didn't you MFA expert's mean to say, "The Day Watch"?

The Nightwatch,..... here they go again,... calling it by its most used and rightful name. http://www.rembrandtpainting.net/rembrandt's_night_watch.htm


(The Company of Captain Frans Banning
Cocq and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenhurch),.... Now there is a good title for that painting they think most everyone will understand,... except the two fruity looking solders which seem to be walking straight out of that painting.

click here for a larger image

from:
"The Legend and the Man," in The World of Rembrandt: 1606-1669 (Time-Life Library of Art), Walter Wallace, New York, 1968, pp. 107-111   Well,... how about a little additional writing in bold print,... from Bob Miller (vanrijngo)?

Since this celebrated work will always be known by an incorrect title, and since those who have not seen it continue to believe, quite logically, that it is a nocturne Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenhurch, and not until late in the 18th Century did it acquire the name by which it is now known. Unfortunately, both "Night" and " "Watch" are wrong. The civic guards who are depicted had, by the time Rembrandt painted them, become quite pacific; it was no longer necessary for them to defend the ramparts of Amsterdam or to go out on watches by night or by day. Their meetings had been diverted chiefly to social or sporting purposes; if they may be said to have any particular destination in the painting, it is perhaps to march into the fields for a shooting contest or to take part in a parade.

Just look at what Walter Wallace had to say above about the Captain, the Lieutenant along with their men,..... damn near just as Rembrandt had explained this work of art to his good friend Dr van Loon.  I'll attempt to change these MFA expert's words into something that Rembrandt himself would say today in replacement for these words. 

Yes,... these Guardsmen's meetings were in the time of peace, and if these truths were to be told other than by Rembrandt's words, you would certainly think it would be depicted and tried to be shown in this very large abstract work of art. 

 I say there is plenty of this so-called Peace to go around,.... more so than the women of the households which were left at home would want to believe.  As these little get-together took place in these times of peace, Rembrandt was wondering just how could he paint this without someone being able to prove that this is what the true meaning was supposed to represent. Like Rembrandt had said himself,...  this would be more of a social get-together than seemingly the painted parade with little children getting under feet as they usually do during a parade, or as the guard being in such a disarray getting their weapons ready in a immediate danger or threat.

"Night" is even less apt than "Watch." When the critics and the public attached that word to the painting, the canvas had become so darkened by dirt and layers of varnish that it was difficult to tell whether the illumination Rembrandt had provided in it came from the sun or moon. Not until after the end of World War II was the painting fully restored so that the viewer could get an idea of the brightness it had when it left Rembrandt's hand more than 300 years before. (Upon seeing the refreshed work, journalists promptly re-christened it the "Day Watch.")

Well,.... what Rembrandt had to say about "Night" and "Watch" is less apt to be seen by day,... but believe me, it had not been actually been seen by anyone, except me, as it was meant to be seen since the time of its creation in 1642 by Rembrandt.  I myself see no sun or moon, other than Rembrandt possibly bending down somewhere in a possible darkened miniaturized location of dirt and varnish piled up over the years since it was painted while mooning the MFA experts.  Rembrandt once said something like this,...  "it is not the things that one sees, but the things that one suspects one sees, things that cannot be proved that they are there",....  this is what he said made his life so interesting to himself.  So, in saying this, let's all take a closer peak at what Rembrandt painted into this lovely large painting of the now called "Day Watch",... while keeping all this what I'm saying in mind. 

Rembrandt, possibly more than any other artist, has suffered from the ministrations of picture restorers. The infamous "Rembrandt brown" is their work, not his, and so too is the widespread impression that he was a monotonous colorist who invariably worked with a low-keyed palette. It is true that the forceful use of chiaroscuro in his paintings, with its emphasis on the mysterious, evocative qualities of shadow, has always disturbed certain critics, and so occasionally has his subject matter. John Ruskin, the 19th Century English emphasis on the mysterious essayist, who had a superb knack for being wrong in just the right words, remarked that "it is the aim of the best painters to paint the noblest things they can see by sunlight, but of Rembrandt to paint the foulest things he could see by rushlight." However even Ruskin, if he had seen a cleaned Rembrandt panel or canvas, might have directed some of his vitriol at the men who applied layer upon layer of toned varnish on the artist's pictures. In the past generation not only the Night Watch but many other Rembrandt paintings have been stripped of their dirty and discolored overlays-with a consequential appraisal by critics of his genius as a colorist.

Yes, and for these MFA so-called art experts saying an artist such as Rembrandt suffered from other artist imitating his style, is like saying most all composers of music imitated Beethoven along with all the rest of the famous musical composers. Its a little different when some thing's which are heard with our own ears,... rather than seen with our eyes, say like most all sightings being conditioned from youth, what is rightful to be looked at, how it is to be seen, and while looking at only what they say is to be seen and looked at. Did this confuse you? 

 This was absolutely a non-sufferable event of Rembrandt's, for most all artists at the time of him painting and after his death, most did not want to wind up like Rembrandt, becoming an outcast and a bankrupt asshole, while literally seeing for themselves or hearing about how the great mistral had gotten ran out of a city of Amsterdam, let alone being an artist able to paint like him.  It is also amazing that every so often some experts puts emphasis on the mysterious which pops up in his works of art, while other disturbed certain critics and so-called artists offers their own essays of what they think of the artist Rembrandt's works.

 There is an understandable, if not a good, reason why Rembrandt's works were so slathered with varnish. As he matured he became increasingly free in his technique, using bold strokes, passages of broken color, heavy impasto applied with the palette knife, and areas scumbled with his fingers. This highly personal stlye proved a mystery to most critics of the late 17th and 18th Centuries, who attributed it to laxness or perversity. Rembrandt himself seems to have suggested indirectly that his work was to be observed at a slight distance, so that the intervening space would make his strokes and colors fuse. According to Houbraken, "visitors to his studio who wanted to look at his works closely were frightened away by his saying, 'The smell of the colors will bother you.'" The probability is that Rembrandt was not at all concerned about the smell of fresh paint, which is pleasant to many people, but that he did not care to answer dim questions from his guests.

Unfortunately most were on the wrong road, or should I say tracks, while going in the wrong directions, not able to even come close to what this artist did or was doing in his art or come close in making art as he did as an artist, his own qualities and abilities of making master painting as he did in his prime. According to Houbraken, he says "visitors to his studio who wanted to look at his works closely were frightened away by Rembrandt saying, 'The smell of the colors will bother you.'"  Is this saying it like it was coming from these MFA experts mouths,... he meant the wet paint with his thinning agents, not the smell of color.  How the hell do you smell color.

 Rembrandt would have said it something like this,... "the smell of fresh paint will bother and make you very sick".'  "When the paint dries, it is not all that bad then, and only then will you be able to view your portraits up close without getting ill.  It will be soon enough for you to view my work of your portrait,... when they are finished and dried," while this was said primarily to the one sitting for their portraits or their family portraits.  This was the artist Rembrandt's main way and reasoning for saying these things so that the sitters would not want to see the unfinished works. Rembrandt's secret ways of achieving his finished effects he would produced would be kept secret, ready to be called a Rembrandt and to hang on the walls when he said they were done. 

To their credit, it should be recorded 'that there were a few early critics who admired Rembrandt's rough strokes and said so. In 1700 an English writer on art, John Eisum, published a poem dedicated to "An Old Man's Head, by Rembrant":

 

What a coarse rugged Way of Painting's here,
Stroaks upon Stroaks, Dabbs upon Dabbs appear.
The Work you' d think was huddled up in haste,
But mark how truly ev'ry Colour's placed,
With such Oeconomy in such a sort,
That they each mutualiy support. Rembrant! thy Pencil plays a subtil Part
This Roughness is contriv'd to hide thy Art.

Yes, let me say this,... poetry is great, if one can contrive the true meanings, what these poets are trying to get across and were saying.  Rembrandt knew many styles and used them, all of which was done in his own techniques, and he knew himself which ones worked well within the subject matter he was conveying, while showing us, and other feebler minded blind jackasses, like the one he drew donkey ears on in his drawing of  "Satire Against Art Criticism". Some of the Rest of this MFA experts 400 years later, who I'd say pretty much have continue to remain the same, i believe he'd also want them to be included in this sanario.

One or two theorists of Rembrandt's era agreed that his paintings, in their "coarse rugged Way," would appear more coherent if one stepped back from them, but they noted that a similar coherence could be obtained with varnish. As a result, for more than a century after Rembrandt's death liberal applications of varnish, frequently tinted, were applied to many of his paintings by dealers-and what is even more unfortunate-by collectors. Theoretically, the Night Watch should not have been a candidate for such treatment. Although it contains some wonderfully rich and complex areas, Rembrandt did not paint it in the freest style he would ultimately achieve. Nonetheless, this masterpiece received its full gallonage of Golden Glow and Toner. In fairness to the varnishers, it must be said that their intention was to protect the paintings from dirt as well as to "improve" certain of them by making the strokes and colors blend. Inadvertently, the varnishers also rendered a great service to the world of art. In 1911, when the Night Watch was still covered with a thick layer of hardened varnish, an unemployed ship's cook went at it with a knife. He seems to have had no reason for this act of apparent madness beyond the fact that the painting was famous and he was not. But its surface coating proved as resistant as glass, and the attacker was unable to cut through it.

Thank God for a dull blade, thick and strong varnishes, or a too small of knife, which ever the case happened to have been.  What a bunch of sickness we have in this screwed up MFA world we all are living in and could also say living on.  Varnishes were used in Rembrandt's day and time and it was nothing new to him or any other artist to use it, to be able to have their own works at the time be effective.  What rocks do you suppose these MFA people who represent the Masters of Fine art all crawl out from underneath?  Do suppose that they hide rocks in Closets?

 The Night Watch was commissioned by Captain Barining Cocq and 17 members of his civic guards; that this was the total of Rembrandt's clients for the work is assumed from the fact that 18 names, added by an unknown hand after the painting was completed, appear on a shield on the background wall. Doubtless the guardsmen expected a group portrait in which each member would be clearly recognizable, although perhaps not of equal prominence; it was often the practice for less affluent or junior members of a group to be represented only by heads or partial figures, for which they paid less than did those who were portrayed full length. The guardsmen, most of whom must have been familiar with Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp of a decade earlier, may also have foreseen that the artist would not produce a standard, static painting. But none of them could have been prepared for the thunderous masterwork with which they were confronted.

How do they really pronounce this captain's last name?  I'd guess this name only to be fitting for most the ones depicted in this painting, and also for way more than half I'd say of these MFA experts who would love that name themselves, and most others involved with the arts today.  Most people back then could not comprehend such a painting, and it is not saying too much for the ones today either.  I know what it is that you are all thinking,... who the fucking hell does this mother fucking asshole think that his is?  Personally,.. I could give a fuck less,... for I'm just venting again, and this seem to be a very good way of getting all this out of my mind and system without blowing up.

The Night Watch is colossal. In its original dimensions it measured approximately 13 by 16 feet and contained not only the 18 guardsmen but 16 other figures added by Rembrandt to give still more animation to an already tumultuous scene. It was by far the most revolutionary painting Rembrandt had yet made, transforming the traditional Dutch group portrait into a dazzling blaze of light, color and motion, and subordinating the requirements of orthodox portraiture to a far larger, more complex but still unified whole. In Rembrandt's hands what was, after all, a commonplace affair became filled with Baroque pictorial splendor, loud with the sound of drum and musket, the thud of ramrods, the barking of a dog, the cries of children. In the forefront Captain Banning Cocq - in black, with a red sash - and his lieutenant in yellow lead the forward drive of the still unformed ranks. The sense of movement is reinforced by converging diagonal lines: on the right, the foreshortened spontoon in the lieutenant's hand, the musket above it and the lance still higher; and on the left, the captain's staff, its line repeated above by another musket and the banner. The effect on the viewer is direct; he feels that he had best get out of the way.

They say the most revolutionary painting Rembrandt had yet made, transforming the traditional Dutch group portrait into a dazzling blaze of light, color and motion?  Wow!  Who the hell wrote this?  How close can one really come without hitting the MFA nail on its head? I must say myself, these traditional Dutch groupies are still as dazzling today as Rembrandt had painted them back then, in all their dazzling blaze of glory, and emotions of the motion being caused by the abstraction lines of this shadow cast painting. Very remarkable!

The powerful contrast of light and shade heightens the sense of movement, but it is well to regard Rembrandt's use of light in this painting, as in many others, from an esthetic rather than from a strictly logical view- point. He was, in the phrase of one critic, "his own sun-god." The shadow cast by the captain's hand on the lieutenant's coat might suggest that the sun is at an apparent angle of about 45 degrees to the left, but the shadow of the captain's extended leg indicates quite a different angle. The picture was of course composed and painted indoors, not while the officers posed for him out of doors, and although his lighting in any particular detail may be true to nature, that is not the case overall. He regulated and manipulated light-opening or closing the shutters in his studio-for his own purpose, which was to create an atmosphere both dreamlike and dramatic.

Wow! Here we go again talking about that nail head that has been missed so many times before. Who in the hell ever said that Rembrandt was logical in his lighting and shadowing of his works of art? They also say the painting was of course composed and painted indoors while also the posing of its leaders and civic guardsmen were also done inside without direct sun light.  Let us all suppose that this is the case and was meant to give an impression of outside duty, but in reality was meant to leave a totally different impression in your subliminal mind and soul. Abstractly speaking and as if using strobe lighting as another way of explaining it, just maybe this was meant to be an indoor happening.

The Night Watch lies at the center of the most persistent and annoying of all Rembrandt myths. As recently as the tourist season of 1967, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines featured the painting by their illustrious countryman in an advertisement inviting travelers to visit Holland. "See Night Watch," said the advertisement, "Rembrandt's spectacular 'failure' (that caused him to be) hooted ...down the road to bankruptcy." The myth has been attacked by various critics, and a few years ago it was utterly demolished by Professor Seymour Slive of Harvard in Rembrandt and His Critics. But since the tale has a phoenix-like capacity for self-resurrection, a few of Professor Slive's observations will bear repeating here.

What exactly can one say that will ever change these MFA experts minds, and their own sick ways of tearing things apart and reconstructing them to fit their own sick ways of looking at things and the way they themselves want other to look at works of art.

The painting was not poorly received; no critic during Rembrandt's lifetime wrote a word in dispraise of it. Captain Banning Cocq himself had a watercolor made of it for his personal album, and a contemporary oil copy of it by Gerrit Lundens, now owned by the National Gallery in London, offers further proof of the picture' s popularity. The Night Watch was never hidden in some obscure location; it was first hung in the Kloveniersdoelen, the headquarters of the civic guardsmen, and in 1715 it was moved to the Amsterdam town hall, as prominent a place as could have been found for it. (Probably on the occasion of its transferal, but no doubt for reasons of space, the painting was cut down on all four sides. The greatest loss was on the left, where a strip about two feet wide, containing three figures, was removed. Nor did painting this supposed "failure" result in any abrupt withdrawal of patronage; Rembrandt received about 1,600 guilders for the Night Watch, and four years later the Prince of Orange gave him 2,400 for two smaller works.

Just listen to this sick MFA person talking here and what he is trying to convince us all of.  Shit,... if he keeps up talking like this, just maybe they will all get together and reinvent this artist into becoming the Prince of Orange right hand man, like Velázquez was to Phillip the Forth, the King of Spain. 

The fable of the Night Watch may owe its stubborn survival to the fact that it is a simple and convenient means of disposing of a complex matter. In 1642 Rembrandt was at the height of his popularity, and thereafter he slowly fell out of public favor, though never to the extent that romantic biographers suggest. What were the reasons for his "decline"? One of them, certainly, was a change in Dutch tastes in art. During the 1640s wealthy citizens, perhaps growing a trifle soft in their security, developed a fondness for showiness and elegance. They began to prefer the bright colors and graceful manner that had been initiated by such painters as the fashionable Flemish portraitist Anthony van Dyck- who, however fine an artist, lacked Rembrandt' s depth. Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro dissatisfied them too, and they turned away from an artist who seemed "dark" and-what was perhaps worse-demanded that they devote some thought to what they were looking at.

Amazing talk here we are hearing from the MFA experts when they say that Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro dissatisfied most and caused them to turn away from his paintings.  In their second breath they say what is perhaps worse his paintings demands the on-lookers to devote a little though to what they were looking at and seeing with their own eyes and this was causing some kind of pain.  If anyone were really the blame for this, I'd have to say it was Rembrandt himself.  In Rembrandt fame and glory as an artist, he wanted more that what could be given up by the artist communities and so-called MFA experts.  Rembrandt was the same as Vincent van Gogh or vice-versa, ones who wanted a whole lot more than what could actually be given. Their own visions would remain their own, no matter how hard they tried to make others see what they were doing and had done.

vanrijngo

0 string-along(s) / don't be a frayed knot

Friday, June 6th 2008

2:28 PM

Authentication: Science & art at odds?

Johanna and Theo's van Gogh's wedding picture done in watercolour by none other than you know who.
 
WedPic.jpg picture by vanrijngo
 
    theo.jpg image by vanrijngo 
  Click on this picture above to read what it says about Johanna and her brother.
self2b.jpg image by vanrijngo  VVG2010b1.jpg image by vanrijngo
  
Authentication: Science & art at odds?

http://www.conservartassoc.com/spie.html 

From the Papers of;

 Duane R. Chartiera and Fred G. Notehelfer
and edited a little by vanrijngo, of his own findings and opinions.

aConservArt Associates, Inc.; 4823 Berryman Avenue, Culver City, CA 90230-5109

bDepartment of History, UCLA
ABSTRACT

3. ELEMENTS OF AUTHENTICATION

Much of the work of authentication falls into the hands of very few specialists, usually art historians, who have extensively studied the work of one particular artist or group of artists.

Vanrijngo says this statement above is absolutely true, and why this is so, just dumbfounds the hell out of me!  Why so much faith is put into the hands of only a few who seems to always be at odds with themselves while not agreeing on much of anything, unless the money is right.  Scientific analysis would be able to put an end to all this useless bickering and prove exactly who the artists really are and were.

There happens to be science today involving three dimensional hand writing analysis use in a governmental organization called FISH that will lead the FBI and the CIA right to the doorsteps of the individual perpetrators of a threatening letter to any high ranking individual.  One asks oneself, which is more important, this thieving ass threatened high official, or possibly saving some high end art investor millions of dollars from buying a phony ass copied masterpiece done by another's hand?

There are basically two different venues for the work -- the museum and the "outside" world that is composed of dealers, auction houses, collectors, private curators, authenticators, and appraisers. It would require some time to understand and articulate the politics and the operations of these communities and the variations across national borders. That it not the purpose of this paper. However, it is important to note that, regardless of national and cultural differences, there are strong divisions between those within recognized institutions such as museums and those who are not. This is not an insignificant factor in terms of having a work of art accepted as "authentic". 

Vanrijngo asks,... Did all of you reading this above understand what exactly was said?  Unless you have a museums BIG OK, you have nothing worth taking anywhere, except your local neighborhood auction house, or to possibly hang on a shit-house wall. 

Also, there are inherently self-protective and insecure behaviors exhibited by both those on the "inside" and those on the "outside". This is not surprising when one considers the consequences of attribution or rejection of the attribution to a particular artist. It is no understatement that reputations and fortunes hang in the balance, so it should be no surprise that opinions can be vehement and reactions to criticism extreme.

Vanrijngo says It is evident that the previous paragraph pretty much describes its previous paragraph.

Most "clients" want a positive answer (i.e. a verification that the work is by an important artist) and are loath to be objective about negative findings or "grey areas". The default response of many people who are in a position to authenticate is "NO, THIS IS NOT ..." This is statistically true of most works that are routinely examined by the one of the authors(5) and such a response guards against foolish mistakes that might ruin one's career or tarnish the reputation of a museum.

Vanrijngo would venture to say unless these new scientific uses do actually come into play in the near future, most are not going to believe another MFA expert, museum curator, art historians, or supposed fine art auction house expert about anything they have to say.

Provenance is probably the most critical element in authentication. There is no substitute for an iron-clad provenance back to the hand of the artist touching the canvas. However, this is relatively rare even in the most established of collections. Most works of art that arrive on the art market have changed hands multiple times. Also, wars and political upheavals have drastically changed the owners of record and the paper trail of many works of art. It is safe to say that most works of art fall far short of having impeccable provenance and that is where the interesting problems of authentication begin.

vanrijngo says to hear the MFA experts tell it, most works of art need good provenance and is the number one rule that guides their own abilities in being able to tell who done what. I say that all provenances should be absolutely dismissed and use nothing but good old fashion eye balls and other methods in comparing the artists works to his own supposed others works to find his actual idiosyncrasies by comparing actual artist brush strokes to one another.

All efforts must be made to track any clues that will improve the provenance of a work in question. When these avenues have been skillfully and completely exhausted then other data may be used to substantiate attribution. Clearly, a keen sense of artistic style and a good knowledge of art history as well as experience is needed to place an unknown work within an era and then, more particularly, within the oeuvre of a particular artist.

Now, after doing this above can the evaluations begin of these particular not known pieces of art, assumed done by the same artist. 

Having said this, it is important to examine the implicit assumptions in this statement:

  • the oeuvre of a particular artist is well enough known to be able to include or exclude particular works
  • artists evolve in somewhat programmatic ways, allowing simplifying generalizations of their style
  • influences of contemporaries can be assigned and understood
  • that artists confine themselves to fairly narrow stylistic limits (at least within certain periods)
  • that uncommonly good copies can be easily detected solely by style (this is unlikely).
Most this above is only mainly in assuming and assumptions when dealing with long dead artists. You have to take into consideration that many of these artists which become well known, mostly many years after their deaths and when most there works are scattered around this world, were not known and for what and where all their works of art went and are at is still largely unknown. In saying that uncommonly good copies can be easily detected solely by style is concidered a farce above,... but I say it will not be any problem at all when new science technologies are used and excepted as a tools of authentic processes.

There may well be many other implicit assumptions that form the essence of what an artistic, aesthetic analysis must become. It seems logical and important to incorporate all other technical information to increase the data available and necessary to make an informed decision.

Yes, and when these findings all come to a head and prove history, is just as they say, the logical and important changes become not so important, and it is no longer important to incorporate this technical information as so to change history. 


There are common scientific methods used to examine works of art. Non-destructive techniques such as X-radiography, infrared reflectography, optical microscopy, and ultraviolet fluorescence have been used for decades to examine works of art. There are also many micro sampling techniques that are only minimally destructive and produce analyses of pigments, binding media, fibers and other materials.

Yes and all of these technical method have been under their own control and of their own supervisions, while the final determination are mostly made up of the so-called MFA experts. For years now this has been in their own control, through-out its entire existence.  It is time now to take these technologies out of the MFA hands, and put back in the hands of the ones who are experts in those particular fields, with out all these finding having to go along with,.... and mainly to keep things just as they have been for the last 150 or so years since the beginning of the industrial revolution.

Unfortunately, an often overlooked area is the art technology. This is generally the area of expertise of art conservators and some technically minded art historians. A technological examination (an extensive conservation report) will yield potentially very important information such as: canvas type and dimensions, thread count, stretcher type, varnish(es), paint, ground, conservation interventions, rheology (craquelure), etc. These are very useful if put into context but this is only possible, as is the stylistic and art historical analysis, if there is a credible and accessible comparative database.

Amazingly these data bases are all very well kept secret and only know to the select few.  I believe these are kept secret mainly to not allow anything new into the masters of fine art, to keep emplace all there earlier decisions and to protect this vast market of deceit and deep pockets.  Can any of you imagine the hysteria that it would caused if and when a lot of these masterpieces we've all know become known as fakes and copies? 

0_41_080307_van_gogh_fake.gif image by vanrijngo 0_42_080307_van_gogh_real.gif image by vanrijngo Amazing little MFA expert feat we all are looking at here,... saying one is, and one isn't.   I ask anyone of you want-a-be artists,..... if you were going to make a painting of a face and wanted to make a pencil sketch of it first to go by,.... don't you think the drawing on the right would suffice?

It is the opinion of the authors that the lack of access or existence of comparative data and/or the lack of creative use of those resources inhibits the development of more reliable and scientifically defensible art authentication. Only by combining approaches can we credibly attack difficult attribution questions with some academic purity. To that end we very briefly present below the findings of an exploration in progress as an example of a collaborative approach that has led to some very exciting hypotheses.

4 to 6 below is mainly all about this John Constable that's supposed to be a copy. click link below to read full article. 

http://www.conservartassoc.com/spie.html 

4. BACKGROUND TO A CASE STUDY [F. NOTEHELFER]

In 1992 a painting appeared in the United States that was sold by an antique dealer as "English Landscape Scene" without artistic attribution. The collector who bought it noticed that it appeared to be a depiction of Willy Lott's house, a favorite John Constable subject. Upon further study it became clear that the painting depicted the subject and composition of Constable's last major painting of the Stour Valley, namely the Valley Farm, his Royal Academy exhibition work of 1835 that now hangs in the Tate Gallery in London. In the Valley Farm Constable depicted his final version of Willy Lott's House, the simple farm cottage pictured in the Hay Wain that stood near Flatford Mill. In this painting Willy Lott's modest home has been turned into a great romantic structure. The house has, in fact, become a brooding, half-timbered building that is fronted by the mill stream. In the foreground at the right a ferryman and a passenger in a boat are moving towards the house. Preceding them are three cows processing through the water towards a small landing to the left of the house where there are several figures as well as another boat with a man leaning into it. Trees flank the house on the right and a pollarded willow on the left. Skimming over the water in the foreground near the ferry is a swallow whose wing has just touched the water and left a small wake. Two moor hens can be seen swimming near the bank at the left front, and a woman appears to be looking out of the door of the cottage towards the ferry and cows. The last of the three cows has her head turned to the right and appears to be lowing.

 

5. THE ART HISTORICAL EXPLORATION Art historical examination quickly revealed that while there were a considerable number of sketches associated with the final painting in the Tate, there was no known study that bore the usual close relationship that Constable produced between

(Image Not Available)

Figure 1 - "A Study for Valley Farm" by John Constable ??

Los Angeles, Private Collection

Oil on stretched canvas; 27 3/16" x 23 1/8"

"studies" and final "exhibition works." For example, none of the painted "sketches" included the cows and the ferry with passenger. Malcolm Cormack writing about this in his recent book, Constable, speculated that perhaps in the case of Valley Farm Constable may have "felt his pictures were so much from memory that he needed no trial run."( Still, Valley Farm seems to present a clear anomaly in Constable's normal pattern of operation, for even in the case of his last painting, Arundel Mill and Castle, we have such a study. Why not for Valley Farm?

6. THE TECHNICAL EXPLORATION [D. CHARTIER]

PAINTING TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

In an effort to understand the painting technique and to establish the period of the oil painting on canvas, tentatively titled "Study for Valley Farm", a number of non-destructive examinations were carried out. It is important to note that it is rarely, if ever, possible for scientific techniques, alone, to determine the authorship or authenticity of a work. Scientific data can definitively disprove an hypothesis by establishing that materials within an object are later than the attributed date. More commonly, the results are insufficient by themselves to determine authenticity and require the careful integration of historic (provenance) data as well as an intimate knowledge of the particular artist's technique (connoisseurship).

7. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?

Much of art authentication seems to be done as a kind of sophisticated cottage industry. Science needs to have a higher profile in art authentication. There is also a real need to examine the process and consequences of authentication so that we may better serve the quest for historical accuracy. There are strong indications that there is a need for an objective, independent agency or committee capable of performing high level authentication research in an atmosphere less dominated by the risks of personal error, institutional prestige, and the blinding effects of money and/or fame.

Vanrijngo says, well,... its about time someone besides myself is saying all these things I've been say and screaming to the high heavens for the last eight years on my blogsite. I would only guess that it will be left up to science, to better serve the quest for historical accuracy along with the needs to have a higher profile in art authentication for more or less dominate risks, of a lot less personal error, no more need for institutional prestige, and the end to the blinding effects of money and/or fame.

vanrijngo     

http://www.conservartassoc.com/spie.html

0 string-along(s) / don't be a frayed knot

Wednesday, June 4th 2008

2:15 PM

A sparkly diamond in the ruff

I know what you will say,.... it's completely different. Of course a painting as a classroom demonstration done in 1953 by Edward Hopper would be different than his regular works of art. You ask yourselves how can I (vanrijngo) say this with complete authority?  Well,... It is like this my friends,... I watch him paint it with my own eyes when I was nine years old!  Click below to read about "The House at Whitney".
Edward Hopper class painting 1953-4 - Monday, December 6th 2004 11:10 AM
  Keep in mind that this painting was done by suggestions from a third grade class at Whitney School, Boise, Idaho by the assumed artist as a demonstration...
more work of art below with questionable authenticity.
 
RHLinHELL.jpg image by vanrijngo  2279086957RHL1634hendrickje.jpg image by vanrijngo  MVC-050S.jpg image by vanrijngo  
Yes, one would wonder who exactly could paint Judas kissing our Lord Jesus Christ on his cheek without the majority being able to see, or say for instance, a young girl playing with a small monkey waring a little hat before he kicked the bucket.  Yeah, I know it's just a mop head, but wouldn't you think she would rather be playing with a monkey than mopping floors?
 
untitled1ac1a.jpg image by vanrijngo  StudyofVG.jpg image by vanrijngo  
 
 
nurse-xz.jpg image by vanrijngo MVC-024F.jpg image by vanrijngo SaskiaRembrandtHendrickje.jpg image by vanrijngo   6a00c22520bd7a8e1d00c22521ae2c8fdb-.gif image by vanrijngo  A sparkly diamond in the ruff, someones Idea why women like sparkly diamond.
 
ABSTRACT adjustments by VANRIJNGO

http://www.conservartassoc.com/spie.html

They say contrary to popular belief, there is a great difference between the detection of forgery in the arts involving the masters of fine arts versus the authentication process,... practices of ones which have been used in the past by all MFA experts and art historians, to say which works of art were supposed to be authentic and done by whom.
They also say in the next breath, that science is generally very good at producing evidence of falsification, but often is equally poor at proving authenticity.

Vanrijngo asks, what else would one expect out of these MFA so-called experts mouths when something that they say is real, science in turn says that it is false? Just ask yourselves,.... is there really something drastically wrong with this big picture? The primary reason for these gross differences is that connoisseurship and art history are more strongly involved in these processes now used, these ones of authentication which are lacking in scientific testing and analysis.

I say that there is a definite pronounced lack of substantive interaction between scientists, art conservation professionals,  and art historians.  Is there any really good reasons entering your minds that would make you wonder about this if it were put to you as a question?  In the case of a recently discovered painting by John Constable which they used to illustrate the difficulties and opportunities of a balanced and systematic approach to the process of authentication, they say there is much more than science involved in such endeavors. 

They say this would not surprise anyone who has attempted to introduce works of art through non-traditional channels other than there own.  For you see, they have always had a monopoly on these practices, so of course this wouldn't surprise anyone.  As for most of the ones that has used their own channels before, most all which were not in their cliques, got there most often and popular answers back from these so-called supposed MFA experts ,.... "Not done by this artist", or "sorry, it's just a copy",  and take to your closest neighborhood auction. 

Great problems arise when the curatorial community is asked to consider works that supposedly do not easily "fit" into a neat art historical period or stylistic pigeonholes of mostly their own assumptions. Supposed connoisseurs, curators, MFA experts, historians often will only accept the best works of these artist and discount and not except the inevitable products of the artist's evolution -- supposed less accomplished works. These findings are definitely on the right track now for they are now saying themselves, that scientific principles and technical evidence can and must be used in order to elevate the practice of authentication. I think they misspelled evaluate.

Keywords: art authentication, art forgery, fake(s), fakery, art analysis, John Constable

1. AN INTERDISCIPLINARY WORK


As indicated in the title and abstract of this paper, there is great need for the integration of a scientific approach to the authentication of works of art. What is required is a task that is often paid lip service to but rarely performed on a day to day basis -- true interdisciplinary work. The particular problem is that the special knowledge required is on extreme ends of the academic spectrum -- science and art. The writing of this paper was particularly difficult due to the differences in personal and academic style of the authors. However, that is precisely the synthesis that is required to deal with some of the issues that are presented. The constant interplay of polar approaches is necessary to objectively deal with the "truth" of works of art.

MVC-054F-1.jpg picture by vanrijngo
The truth is that the artist is in the bottom left hand corner of this painting, while he was in the process of painting a begger man and changed to making a drawing of the total happening to paint later. This all happened when some thugs came up and threatened one of his model with bodily harm, and when the Amsterdam-guard answer the disturbance they shot one of the participants of the fight dead in his tracks and on the spot, according to the witness before the guard arresting the rest of the culprits. This was all recorded in the book RvR 1642 according to the witness Efphrem Bruno a French Count, and his friend Dr. van Loon the author of the book. MVC-060F.jpg image by vanrijngo  MVC-056FRHL.jpg image by vanrijngo  
 
MVC-055F.jpg picture by vanrijngo
I do have something to say about this painting here also,... the true meaning that I believe, while revealing the people that is in this paintings identity, and painted by the same outstanding artist.  This is Rembrandt's little mistress, Henrietta, or as known to most as Hendrickje Stoffels, her mother, little brother and older brother, all in the same painting.  This is a representation of her mothers work, to support this mostly illegitimate family, represent by the woman at the well behind her, while one of her paying customers is to her left.
MVC-055Fa1.jpg image by vanrijngo  MVC-065F1a.jpg image by vanrijngo

Vanrijngo says,.. you take the truth of these two paintings shown above found in a book called  "FRENCH PAINTINGS" from the Pushkin Museum.  One is called "The Fight"  attributed to Mathieu Lenain by P. Weiner, and the other  is called "Peasants By The Well" by J. Thuillier.  I myself could give a shit less who these MFA experts say painted these two painting.  If they used the scientific data already in existence while taking  the Data collected by Dan Rockmore on Rembrandt's idiosyncrasies in the artist's data bank, the data collected would have no problem in telling in a percentage value whether these two paintings were in fact painted by Rembrandt's hand personally, or if his students had a hand in helping paint them. 

2. FAKE VERSUS AUTHENTIC

"The search for truth and finding it, you would think it should deserve some merrit".

 http://vanrijngo.bravejournal.com/entry/17625


The question of whether a work of art is a fake or authentic may seem relatively simple but there are many complicating factors in the creation, sale, distribution and exhibition of works of art. In fact it is critical to determine the differences between the various gradations of "truth" represented by the continuum(1):

  • authentic (by the artist alone)
  • authentic (by the artist and others - studio assistants and specialists(2) usually not explicitly stated)
  • "school of" (by persons in immediate contact and clearly influenced by the artist)
  • "circle of" (by persons influenced by the artist)
  • "copy of ..." or a "work after ... [a known artist]".
  • forgery -- a deliberate attempt to mislead a viewer as to the identity of artist, era, materials, etc.


One must be quite careful to discriminate between works that were initial studies done by the artist in preparation for a more finished or larger scale formal work. These are, of course both authentic, but often vary greatly in style and general treatment.

The gradations of the problem of authenticity can be easily summarized by considering a small case history of a painting owned by a private client that arrived in the ConservArt studios for a conservation treatment. The painting was attributed to Francois H. Drouais (1727-75), a well known French painter. After a thorough examination there were some questions as to why the painting had been lined. The treatment required removal of the lining and when that was done a large black ink stamp on the verso of the painting was found. In German it read: "Copie nach der original #1825 der Kun[??] Gemäldegalerie zu Dresden 1916". An official copy was made in the museum and was accordingly identified as a copy in 1916. Subsequently the painting was lined and then it was misrepresented as being a painting by Drouais. Is this a forgery, a deliberate and fraudulent misrepresentation, or an accidental attribution to the originating artist? Herein lies one of the many problems that are faced by dealers, collectors, and museums. Mis-attribution is not necessarily deliberate and copying is not necessarily forgery. However, the net result in this case was a considerable if not catastrophic devaluation of the work.

The divisions on this scale of veracity can be complex. In the case of prints, connoisseurs have long recognized that original engraved and etched plates have been used over centuries to "pull" new prints. There is an inevitable deterioration of the overall image quality by the progressive mechanical and chemical damages inherent in the printing process.(3) These telltale indications of age are also surrogate measures of authenticity and of value. A truly authentic print may rightly be that pulled by the artist or at least, done under their supervision. This is just one example of the potential complexity of authentication questions. Even if one only concentrates on monotypes there are sufficient problems to occupy most art professionals indefinitely.

Forgeries are relatively easy to detect. All one needs is a strongly negative finding to render a judgment as "not authentic". However, the opposite is true for authentication.  It is a complex process requiring art historical input, as well as technical/scientific analyses. Can any historic object be deemed 100% authentic? That may be a very thorny philosophic and scientific problem. However, we can do much to refine the process by which we might come to a more balanced approach.

Perhaps the example of the Rembrandt Research Project(4) might be used to indicate a general direction to pursue for the authentication of a broader range of art and archaeological materials. It is important to consider not only what professional disciplines are required to perform a reliable art authentication but what type of analyses would constitute an acceptable level of proof.

Well,.... vanrijngo says,... perhaps using computer science, scanning abilities, computer photo shops and many more new technologies now in use in all governments and criminal programs in most all countries that are in this MFA world of ours,....  just may be a good place to begin.  They ask can any historic object be deemed 100% authentic? I personally do believe they can,... that just maybe this thorny philosophic and scientific problem isn't all that big of a problem or break through as thought to be,....  It just needs to be implemented and used to put these MFA people in their rightful perspective place.

http://www.conservartassoc.com/spie.html

vanrijngo 

0 string-along(s) / don't be a frayed knot

Friday, May 30th 2008

1:22 PM

The difference between a fake and a genuine.

Since this

Tuesday, April 11th 2006

2:15 PM

is a very popular post of vanrijngo, I'll be moving it forward,.... kinda like paying it forward.

Artfake.DK team at their best. I say that unless you're the lead dog, the view never changes. ... Then again, if you're a MFA dog too the rear, you probably like that view. — Treasure Valley Texas Holdem meetup Association.
  • "Artfake.DK team at their best. I say that unless you're the lead dog, the views never change. ... Then again,... if you're a MFA dog too the rear, you probably like that view better."

  • How the Team at http://www.artfakes.dk/genuine.htm can tell you the difference between a fake and a genuine piece of art. 
     
    By Erik Morsing, and now no longer a part of their teem;  In bold print is a ass-umed more accurate description by vanrijngo.

    The team of artfakes is often confronted with this question, and for good reason. For a non-connoisseur it can be extremely difficult to judge for instance whether a particular painting is a fake or not. Some more than others as is the case with one of the most (if not the most) misused artist, namely Pablo Ruiz Picasso. However here are some guidelines, which you can use for yourself:

    A team of this magnitude and of such supposed knowledge should be confronted with many questions,... and this is all that they have to come up with,... it baffles me to no end!  It isn't like they are dealing in and about the artist of funny papers,.. but wouldn't you agree.,  They claim to be making absolute important determination concerning the fine arts of assumed master pieces as to being authentic or not.  In their second breath they want to give you their absolute guidelines which they use and you can use for yourself.  This is the most laughable statement coming out of these supposed experts minds and mouths, that it almost brought tears to my eyes while laughing.

    Start by studying some genuine works of the painter, you want to learn more about. See if you can catch a common denominator in his works. It’s like a fingerprint. Every artist has got his own fingerprints. That goes for a writer, a composer and for a painter, which is the main issue for our little chat here.

    Yes,.. this is absolutely true and known facts that every individual has his or her own known idiosyncrasies what most call fingerprint of a common denominator in every aspects of everything that one wishes to do in their lives.  It boils down to that few are way better at what they do,.. and are recognized for that fact.

    Take for example the famous composer Ludwig van Beethoven! Having heard his music over and over again, as I actually have for 40 years now, you are able to distinguish him from his contemporaries during the Vienna classical period: Mozart and Haydn. For a person who knows nothing or very little about classical music, he will indeed have extreme difficulty to distinguish between Mozart and Beethoven the most comparable of the three.

    What an example here of using these composers too the less knowledgeable!  It would be like comparing all the rap artist to one another to distinguish voice recognition over the ways of other artist's are found to be beating on a piano keyboard.  This qualifies them to be able to distinguish who a painter over another one is?  Get F-N real!

    What makes the whole issue so difficult to explain is the fact that art is not understood with your common sense but rather with your intuition, which lies in the right, holistic part of your brain, the one with which you understand a situation as a unified whole. The other part, the left part of your brain you do calculation with, you spilt things up into small elements, analyses them and put them together again.

    Yes,.. I can understand their own difficulties too explain common sense when they have none, but to solely expect people to rely on their own intuitive conclusions supposedly coming from lies from the right side of t